The New Nigeria ID Card: A More Inclusive Digital Identity 

The landscape of identity management in Nigeria is undergoing a profound transformation with the rollout of the new Nigeria ID card. Spearheaded by the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), this initiative is designed to consolidate multiple forms of identification into one powerful, multipurpose tool. As Nigeria strives to enhance security, financial inclusion, and access to social services, the new National ID card stands as a testament to the nation's commitment to leveraging technology for socio-economic progress. This comprehensive digital identity system simplifies how citizens interact with government and private services. It also ensures that no one is left behind on the journey toward a more inclusive Nigeria.

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This article explores the evolution, features, and profound impact of this pivotal development in Nigeria's identity management landscape.

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The Evolution of Nigeria's National Identity System

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The development of Nigeria's national identity system has been a journey marked by significant milestones, challenges, and reforms. From its early conceptualization in the 1970s to the present-day introduction of the new General Multipurpose Card (GMPC), Nigeria's efforts to establish a reliable and inclusive identity management framework have been both ambitious and transformative.

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Early Attempts: The Beginnings of Identity Management

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The concept of a national identity card in Nigeria is not new, having undergone several iterations and improvements over the decades:

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• Initial Attempts (1977): The idea for a national identity system was first conceived in 1977, but it failed to materialize due to a lack of technological infrastructure and political will.
• Revival in 2003: Under the Directorate of National Civic Registration (DNCR), a renewed effort was launched, leading to the registration of approximately 54 million Nigerians. Despite this substantial effort, the project was hindered by inefficiencies and corruption, ultimately falling short of its goals.

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Establishment of the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC)

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In response to the persistent challenges, the Nigerian government established the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) in 2007, mandated by the NIMC Act No. 23. The NIMC was tasked with several key functions:

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• Creating and Managing the National Identity Database: To compile and maintain accurate records of all Nigerian citizens and legal residents.
• Issuing Unique National Identification Numbers (NIN): A unique 11-digit NIN is assigned to every registered individual, serving as a permanent and unique identifier.
• Issuing National Electronic Identity (e-ID) Cards: Introduced in 2013, the National e-ID Card is a smart card containing a chip that stores biometric information and is linked to the NIN. It also includes multiple applets, one of which facilitates financial transactions through a partnership with MasterCard.
• Partnerships and Technology Integration: In 2011, the NIMC partnered with the National Database & Registration Authority of Pakistan to develop computerized national identity cards for Nigerians. Additionally, collaborations with local and international tech companies, including MasterCard and Cryptovision, were established to incorporate biometric data and secure payment functionalities into the ID card.

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Key Achievements in Nigeria's National ID System

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The National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) has made notable progress in enhancing the registration process and increasing the issuance of National Identification Numbers (NINs) and National e-ID Cards. These efforts have contributed to the broader goal of establishing a secure and inclusive identity management system in Nigeria. Key milestones include:

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• NIN Registration Growth: As of December 2023, the number of Nigerians with a National Identification Number (NIN) reached 104.16 million, reflecting ongoing efforts to expand the national identity database.
• Biometric Data Integration: The national e-ID card incorporated fingerprint and facial recognition technologies to ensure secure and reliable identification, minimizing the risk of identity fraud.
• Financial Inclusion: In collaboration with MasterCard, the NIMC introduced a prepaid payment feature, allowing the card to be used for financial transactions, thereby promoting financial inclusion among previously unbanked populations.

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Ongoing Challenges for NIMC

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Despite these achievements, the NIMC continues to face several challenges that hinder the full realization of the National Identity Management System's potential:

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• Regional Disparities in Enrollment: There are significant variations in enrollment figures across states, reflecting disparities in access to registration facilities and public awareness efforts. For instance, Lagos State recorded the highest enrollment with over 11.4 million registrations, while states like Taraba, Cross-River, Ekiti, Ebonyi, and Bayelsa lag far behind.
• Uncollected National e-ID Cards: A substantial number of National e-ID cards—over 700,000—remain uncollected. This problem is exacerbated by outdated contact information, which complicates efforts to notify individuals about their card availability. The issue underscores the importance of maintaining accurate and up-to-date records for all registrants.

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The Path Forward

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The evolution of Nigeria's national identity system, from its early challenges to the establishment of the NIMC and the introduction of the NIN and multipurpose ID card, has laid a strong foundation for future advancements. However, the journey is far from complete. The upcoming introduction of the General Multipurpose Card (GMPC) in 2024 represents the next phase of innovation, promising to further streamline identity verification and enhance access to social and financial services for all Nigerians.

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The New General Multipurpose Card (GMPC) - 2024

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In 2024, Nigeria is set to introduce the General Multipurpose Card (GMPC), a significant upgrade in the nation’s identity management system. Developed by the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC) in collaboration with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Nigeria Inter-bank Settlement System (NIBSS), and supported by the AfriGo domestic card scheme, the GMPC is designed to be more than just an ID card. It’s a versatile tool that combines identity verification with financial services, making it easier for Nigerians to access both government services and financial products. This new card represents a step forward in Nigeria’s digital transformation, aimed at making identity management more secure, inclusive, and convenient.

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What Makes the New Nigeria National ID Card Stand Out?

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The GMPC builds on the foundation of the previous National e-ID card but introduces several enhancements that make it more versatile, secure, and user-friendly. Here’s what sets the GMPC apart:

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• QR Code for Quick Access: Instead of displaying your National Identification Number (NIN) directly on the card, the GMPC uses a QR code - Nigeria’s quick response code (NQR). The NQR code can be scanned by authorized personnel to quickly and securely access your identity information. This adds an extra layer of security and convenience, ensuring that your sensitive data is protected while remaining easily accessible when needed.
• ICAO-Compliant for Travel: For those who travel, the GMPC meets the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards, meaning it’s equipped with the necessary data and security features to be used for international travel. Whether for business, education, or leisure, Nigerians can now use their national ID card for easier travel through airports and border controls.
• Enhanced Security with Biometrics: While biometric authentication isn’t new, the GMPC improves upon previous iterations by ensuring that biometric data—such as fingerprints and facial recognition—is more securely stored and matched directly on the card (Match on Card). This adds an extra layer of security, ensuring that the cardholder’s identity is protected against fraud and misuse, particularly in a digital age where data breaches are a concern.
• Offline Capabilities for Rural and Remote Areas: Recognizing that not all parts of Nigeria have reliable internet access, the GMPC is designed to function even when there is no connectivity. This offline capability is crucial for ensuring that people in rural or remote areas can still use their ID cards for transactions and verification without being hindered by network issues.
• Multipurpose Use—More Than Just an ID: The GMPC isn’t just for identification; it also functions as a debit or prepaid card. This feature is especially beneficial for those who might not have access to traditional banking services. By linking the GMPC to a bank account, cardholders can perform financial transactions, receive government payments, and participate in various subsidy programs. This integration of financial services directly into the national ID card is a step towards greater financial inclusion for all Nigerians.

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How to Obtain the New Nigeria National ID Card?

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The process for obtaining the GMPC is designed to be straightforward and accessible, ensuring that all eligible citizens and residents can easily acquire their cards. The steps are as follows:

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1) Request the Card:

Individuals can visit the nearest bank or any approved center to request the GMPC. The request can also be made online or at NIMC offices nationwide.

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2) Provide NIN and Age Verification:

Applicants must present their National Identification Number (NIN) and proof of being at least 18 years old. The NIN serves as the key identifier for issuing the GMPC.

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3) Data Verification by NIMC:

The bank or approved center will send the applicant’s NIN to NIMC for verification. NIMC will then provide the necessary identity data to the bank in a secure format.

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4) Card Personalization and Issuance:

Once the identity data is verified, the bank will personalize the card, encoding the standard EMV data for financial transactions. The card is then printed and issued to the individual.

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5) Usage and Renewal:

The identity features of the GMPC do not expire, ensuring lifelong utility as a national ID. However, the payment functionality (debit or prepaid card) has a standard expiration date, after which the cardholder can renew the payment feature or continue using the card solely for identification purposes.

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Looking Ahead: The Future of Digital Identity in Nigeria

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The GMPC represents a significant step forward in how Nigerians interact with the world. It’s not just an ID card; it’s a gateway to a more secure, inclusive, and connected life. As the GMPC rolls out in 2024, it will play a crucial role in empowering citizens, simplifying access to essential services, and contributing to the nation’s socio-economic development.

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This new card is about more than just keeping up with global standards—it’s about making sure every Nigerian can participate fully in the digital economy and society. The GMPC is designed to be a tool for the future, ensuring that as the world moves forward, no one is left behind.

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Embracing a New Era of Identity Management in Nigeria

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The introduction of the new General Multipurpose Card (GMPC) in 2024 marks the beginning of a new era for Nigeria’s identity management system. This new e-ID card is more than just a tool for identification; it represents a comprehensive approach to bridging the gap between citizens and the services they need most. By integrating cutting-edge security features, facilitating financial transactions, and ensuring accessibility even in the most remote areas, the new GMPC will be instrumental for all types of social and financial services to Nigerians. This initiative positions Nigeria as a leader in digital identity across Africa, aligning with broader continental efforts like ID4Africa, which aims to empower every African with a legal identity.

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As the GMPC rolls out, it is set to enhance how Nigerians interact with both government and private sector services, making it easier to access healthcare, education, financial products, and more. The card’s dual functionality as an ID and a financial tool ensures that no one is excluded from the socio-economic opportunities that a digital future promises.

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Aratek Biometrics is proud to support national ID programs across Africa, providing the biometric devices that make ID registration and verification secure and reliable. To learn how Aratek can help you build a future-proof identity management system, contact us today.